Gender asymmetry in the educational and scientific community

The article deals with factors and features of gender asymmetry in educational and scientific society. Over the last century gender attribute greatly influenced the development of educational and scientific institutions of Russia. The ratio of men and women and, according to it, the "weight" of teachers and scientists varied depending on the specific socio-economic and political conditions, whereas gender asymmetry in the field of education remained unchanged. Asymmetry in the Russian education is a long-standing phenomenon. Gender asymmetry has both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Quantitative characteristics (the ratio of the proportion of women and men in higher education) have been changed in a historical context. There were 72 universities and other institutions of higher establishments with 86 thousand students before the First World War in Russia. Gender asymmetry was not random. It is a permanent factor in the system of science and higher education, which is because of objective reasons. The reasons are: the peculiarities in socio-economic system and political system, the level of democratic development of the country, the needs of material production and spiritual life of society, especially the demographic structure and legal status of women, the level and quality of life of the people. The objective conditions are changing and the asymmetry acquires new quantitative characteristics, the content and form.