Genetic differentiator on the base of microsatellite markers polymotphism of black poplar populations in Middle and South Urals

For creating programs for the conservation of genetic resources, reforestation and conservation of forest ecosystems is necessary to choose the best approaches, that determine genetic differentiation of populations of woody plant species on the basis of polymorphism of molecular markers such as microsatellite tandem repeats (SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) -PCR markers). Genetic distances among the four studied populations of Populus nigra L in the Urals are established by using four approaches. The highest value of genetic distance( D =1,086), based on the Reynolds, Weir and Cockerham’s parameter of genetic distance, was between populations near city Sterlitamak in Bashkortostan Repulic and in protected area "Spasskaya Gora" in Perm krai. The lowest value, based on the Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards’s parameter of genetic distance, was between populations near city Sterlitamak and near town Inzer in Bashkortostan Repulic ( D =0,036). When comparing clustering methods such as a Unweighted Pair Group Method (UPGMA), the Neighbor Joining Method and weighted least-squares criterion of Fitch-Margoliash, found that, for the determination of genetic differentiation of studied populations P. nigra, using polymorphism of codominant markers such as SSR-PCR markers, method of L. Cavalli-Sforza and A. Edwards is the most optimal. When clustering in the program STRUCTURE 2.3.4 studied populations of black poplar were divided into two clusters: the populations of the Republic of Bashkortostan and population in the Perm krai. The high correlation was between genetic differentiation and geographic distance of four studied populations of P. nigra, based on the Mantel test. The high correlation was between genetic and geographic distance between the studied populations of P. nigra, because the coefficient of determination (R 2) was high (0.694 by the method of C.Wright, 0.787 by the method of M. Nei).