Genetic distances as the indicator of microevolutionary processes in the formation of Yenisei type of red-motley cattle

The purpose of the study was to analyze microevolutionary processes in the formation of the Yenisei type of red-motley livestock through structural dynamics of genetic distances. The research tasks were: 1) to analyze the dynamics of allelic composition in simple blood group systems (J, L, M, Z); 2) to calculate genetic distances, conduct cluster analysis; 3) to demonstrate the orientation of microevolution processes using dendrograms and multivariate scaling. The research methods were immunogenetic, zootechnical, methods of mathematical modeling, mathematical statistics, multivariate scaling apparatus (STATISTICA package). The objects of the study were the herds of red-motley breed. Monitoring genetic structure, the level of polymorphism of the types of red-motley cattle was carried out over the period of 2005-2015 for five herds and in general for the Yenisei type. Total number of the surveyed was 1996 heads of the type. The following indicators were analyzed: the frequency of antigenic facts and alleles of simple systems, genetic (antigenic) similarity index r. Intra-herd dynamics was estimated by the periods, one of them was basic herd (initial data) and the other was the herd already changed during selection with an interval of birth of animals after 2-3 years, conditionally designated as the period 1, 2 and 3. It was found that in simple systems having a limited number of alleles, the changes occurring under the influence of artificial selection had been recorded. The cumulative effect of two factors reflecting the effect of the Holstein gene pool on the variability of the frequency characteristics of blood group antigens made 49.5 %. Thus, genetic distances reflect microevolutionary processes at different levels of biological organization occurring when the gene pool of local livestock changes under the influence of Holstein producers in the process of forming the Yenisei type of redmotley cattle. More sophisticated mathematical methods should be used for agricultural facilities, both at the breed level as a whole and for smaller taxonomic population units.