Genetic research of quantitative traits of inbred lines of winter rye ( Secale cereale L.) in diallel crossings

One of effective methods for estimation of inbred lines of winter rye is the diallel analysis allowing to spread out genotypic variance to general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combinational abilities and to estimate quantitatively the contribution of the basic gene interactions in expression of traits. The purpose of our research was studying genetic features of inbred lines of rye by means of diallel crossings. Tested 5 inbred lines of winter rye and 10 interline F 1 hybrids were obtained according to incomplete diallel scheme (B. Griffing, 1956). Parental lines and F 1 hybrids were compared in 2011 and 2012 in a field experiments under the scheme of a Latin square (6*3*3) on the plots of 8.8 m 2 in 3 replicates at a sowing rate of 500 seeds per 1 m 2. Comparative estimation of gene effects has been carried out for 17 traits. The genetic parameters D, H1, H2, √H1/D, Н2/4Н1 and h 2 according to B.I. Hayman (1954) were evaluated, and also the contribution of GCA and SCA effects into genotypic variance was assessed. It was shown that according to effects of GCA to SCA ratio the traits can be divided into two groups. The first group contained 5 traits with low heritability (h 2 = 0.10-0.22), exactly the productivity, number of productive stalks per 1 m 2, number of grains in an ear, height of plant and the content of starch. In this group the contribution of GCA effects was rather low and varied from 7.0 up to 36.4 %, and the expression of traits strongly depended on domination and epistasis. In the second group there were 12 traits with rather high heritability (h 2 = 0.28-0.62) for which an additive dispersion exceeded the component of domination and varied from 50.3 up to 82.0 %. These high-hereditable traits were the winter hardiness, weight of 1000 grains, a grain unit, number of falling, amylogramm peak, viscosity of water extract, temperature of pasting starch, fluidity of dough, loaf volume, the content of protein in grain, sensitivity to snow mould and brown rust. For six traits of this group a strong genotype-environment interaction was characteristic. The conclusion is made that cumulative accumulation of valuable genes by means of recurrent selection is advisable for improvement of inbred lines on these traits in the course of breeding