The genesis of the concept of free will as a legal principle in the middle ages

Theoretical premises and substantive elements of the concept of free will, which appeared in the era of the New Age as the main legal principle, began to take shape in theological and philosophical and legal discussions of the Middle Ages, primarily related to the opposition of intellectualism and voluntarism in law. If in the Middle Ages the dominant position was intellectualism, developed under the cover of the unconditional authority of Thomas Aquinas, then in the New Age, in the context of increasing secularization of public consciousness and secularization of political life, the voluntarism paradigm developed by John Duns Scott came to the fore.