Gene Pool Collection of Pears (Pyrus L.) in the Frog Horticulture Department Nikitsky Botanical Garden

The collection fund of pears in the Foothill Branch of the Crimean Pomological Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences is represented by 858 varieties and 92 hybrids and forms of foreign and domestic breeding. The entire variety of the pear collection fund occupies a collection of 3.33 hectares, the year of planting is 2014. Of the 3,532 plantings in the collection, 3,157 trees (89.4%) are in good and satisfactory condition, 171 trees (4.8%) are complicated. The death of 204 trees (5.8%) is noted as a result of flooding caused by the Belbek River flood in 2021 and other adverse factors. The study covered 175 collectible cultivars of various ecological and geographical origin. Phenological observations were carried out and the timing of the phases of seasonal development of the studied pear varieties was noted, with the timing of the onset of a particular phase being determined. Varieties with early and late periods of the beginning of vegetation and flowering, as well as varieties with the longest flowering period, have been identified. In Crimea, the most harmful pear diseases are scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everhart) salmon).