Gene Pool Collection of Apple (Malus Mill.) in the Frog Horticulture Department Nikitsky Botanical Garden

The collection fund of apple trees in the Foothill Branch of the Crimean Pomological Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences is represented by 923 varieties and 97 hybrids and forms of foreign and domestic breeding. The entire variety of the apple tree collection is represented by 38 countries around the world. The total area occupied by the collection is 3.33 hectares, the year of planting is 2014. Of the 3,532 seats in the collection, they are in good condition. 3,157 trees (89.4%) are in satisfactory condition, while 171 trees (4.8%) are weakened. The death of 204 trees (5.8%) is noted as a result of flooding caused by the Belbek River flood in 2021 and other adverse factors. The study covered 175 collectible cultivars of various ecological and geographical origin. Phenological observations were carried out and the timing of the phases of seasonal development of the studied apple varieties was noted, with the timing of the onset of a particular phase being determined. Varieties with early and late periods of the beginning of vegetation, flowering, as well as with. In Crimea, the most harmful apple tree diseases are scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everhart) Salmon).