The cold-shock gene’s protein complex of different serogroups of Vibrio cholerae

553 whole genome sequences of Vibrio cholerae strains O1, O139 and nonO1/nonO139 serogroups were studied for the presence of cold-shock genes cspA, cspV and csh1. The cspA and cspV genes were present in almost all strains. The csh1 gene was present in 99/449 strains of the serogroup O1 and in 21/86 cultures of nonO1/nonO139 taken in the study. The absence of the csh1 gene was revealed in strains of the O139 serogroup and strains of the O1 serogroup with ctxAB and tcpA genes. The study of the nucleotide composition identified 13 different variants of the csh1 gene which cause structural differences in the cold-shock protein Csh1. The two main types of Csh1 protein were represented by the reference type (68 genomes) and the major type (35 genomes), 11 minor variants included single genomes. According to the NCBI database, mainly representatives of minor types of Csh1 protein circulate abroad. The reference type Csh1 was mainly detected in O1 serogroup strains, while 10 strains with the reference type Csh1 protein were identified before 2000, then in 2001-2022 their number reached 55 strains. It is assumed that the new cold shock gene csh1 gives vibrions a selective advantage by ensuring survival at low temperatures in reservoirs.