Geoinformation modeling of railway infrastructure objects

The article aims to explore the features of geoinformation modeling of railway infrastructure objects, which is an essential aspect of digitizing the railway segment and increasing its investment attractiveness. The article uses analytical, synthetic, inductive and deductive methods to process thematic research, scientific publications, and relevant literary sources. It considers the requirements for collecting geoinformation in the geoinformation modeling of the railway infrastructure objects, sources and features of this information, and the concept and essence of geodata. The possibilities of the geoinformation modeling are identified and determined by its systematization. The article notes the duality of the geoinformation system models, which creates the possibility of working with the model through a visual editor and a database interface. It considers methods for modeling geographic objects in the geoinformation systems and models for organizing databases in them. The functions of the geoinformation systems as software for working with spatially coordinated data are determined. The article also discusses the main prerequisites for digitizing the railway industry. It denotes that data collection and formation on the railway infrastructure objects in Russia occur in a decentralized manner, without unified requirements regarding the forms of representation and accuracy of the source information and systems for its storage. This actualizes the need to create a unified railway geoinformation system. The features and possibilities of the unified railway geoinformation system as a digital twin of the physical railway infrastructure objects are considered. The information base required by the geoinformation system to find and use optimal management scenarios for the entire railway complex and individual infrastructure objects is presented. The article specifies the stages of the geoinformation modeling technology using mobile laser scanning, and justifies the choice of mass 3D modeling. It considers the geoinformation models to be included in the mass geoinformation model of railway infrastructure objects. The specifics and stages of the 3D geoinformation modeling of the railway infrastructure objects are presented. The authors emphasize the features of the geoinformation modeling that allow solving unique tasks with its help, showing the effects of creating a unified railway geoinformation system.