Geoecological aspects of sediment transport in water objects: new approaches and formulas

Calculations of the solid flow of water bodies in various geoecological applications are often complicated by irregular and poor-quality observational data. With the existing multitude of formulas for sediment flow, the results of calculations using them often show unsatisfactory quality, especially under conditions of an irregular, unsteady regime of river flow. The situation is aggravated by additional factors of solid matter inflow into the stream and the influence of hydraulic engineering measures and structures. In this case, the relevance of reliable calculations of solid flow (sediment load, turbidity and transporting capacity of the flow) is undoubtedly due to many areas of water management activities. It is quite obvious that calculations of solid flow should have a theoretical basis, unambiguously coupled with the processes of two-phase mass transfer in the river flow, as well as be based on standard hydrometric observation data. The conclusion of new and a review of previously developed methods for calculating solid runoff presented in this paper allows us to give a sufficiently reliable assessment of hydraulic variables of the state of two-phase mass transfer in a water body.