Hygienic approaches to the assessment of lifestyle factors involved in the risk of cancer diseases (review)

Objective: from the standpoint of preventive medicine, clarify the trigger mechanisms of the main carcinogenic factors of an unhealthy lifestyle involved in the development of cancer in the population. Methodology for writing a review. 46 scientific papers published in 2013-2023, posted in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLibrary.ru. Electronic search was carried out using a combination of keywords: "carcinogenic factors of an unhealthy lifestyle," "bad habits," "smoking," "passive smoking," "use of smokeless tobacco products," "alcohol consumption," "artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation," "cancer." Conclusion. An analysis of the scientific literature showed that the leading trigger mechanisms for the development of cancer in the population associated with an unhealthy lifestyle include: when drinking alcohol - the toxic effect on the body of the alcoholic beverage metabolite - acetaldehyde; with active, passive smoking -, exposure to highly active volatile N-nitrosoamines and, especially, dimethylnitrosoamine and benzopyrene; when using smoking vapes, vaporous propylene oxide compounds, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde; when using smokeless tobacco products, the presence in them of compounds of non-volatile tobacco-specific nitrosoamines (TSNA), which are indicators of genotoxicity; the use of artificial ultraviolet radiation sources for tanning is accompanied by sequential reactions of the formation of photoproducts consisting of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), damaging genomic DNA and causing mutations with dysregulation of epidermal metabolism, apoptosis processes and immune mechanisms.