Clay Zoomorphic Sculptures of the Late Bronze Age from the Lower Irtysh Region: Morphology Peculiarities

Purpose. Morphological features of zoomorphic clay sculptures from the Lower Pritishye region, specifically from the Chilimka microdistrict and Luchkino I settlements, were analyzed. Ten whole and nine fragmented sculptures found in complexes with comb-pit ceramics were studied. A 3D modelling method using a RangeVision Pro laser scanner was employed to study the sculptures. Results. There are three types of clay sculptures: bears, foxes and birds. The types are internally divided into subtypes and variants, each of which has its own unique features: differences in shape, degree of stylization, presence of holes and notches for fixing, and ornamentation. All bear figurines are united by the detailing of the muzzle, emphasis on the nose and eyes, and technical methods of ornamentation - dimpled indentations and dashing. The objects could have been used as part of various complex compositions. Fragmented sculptures indicate the replicability of this image and may testify to the presence of a tradition of ritual spoilage of these items. The sculptural image of a fox is unique. Despite the high level of stylization, it shows the characteristic features of this predator. Images of birds are also stylized, but they are united by the presence of anatomical details - the highlighted head, beak, tail and open wings. The figurines were decorated with the same technical methods of ornamentation. The presence of holes for fastenings indicates that these pieces could have been used in various compositions. Figurines of subtype 2 reflect attempts to convey the dynamics of movement. Conclusion. The analyzed collection finds analogues in the materials of the Late Bronze Age of Western Siberia. This is especially characteristic of bear and bird figurines. Stylistically similar sculptures were found on the sites of the lozvino, atlym and barsovo cultures. Animal sculptures of different types had different functional and ritual functions.