Globalization of the world economy and external security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan globalization poses a twofold task. On the one hand, globalization promotes economic progress, and on the other - directly relate to matters of foreign economic security of the country. Therefore, the inclusion of Kazakhstan into the world economy must be accompanied by due regard to the Russian economy, in particular its raw orientation. What are the ways to ensure the safety of foreign trade in Kazakhstan during this process?

In order to understand what problems foreign economic security, Kazakhstan faces on a global level, we use the index of the World Economic Forum (WEF, World Economic Forum), which define the global competitiveness of each country. The indices are calculated on the basis of certain factors. Every year the number of these factors increases. This, in my opinion, due to the complexity of international economic relations and the overall economy. Over the past few years the number of factors taken into account increased from 35 to 90, added assess the effectiveness of the labor market, infrastructure and business development, health and others.

In the ranking of the competitiveness of countries are also prepared by the World Economic Forum, the composite index is calculated based on the three indices (also can be called the main factors for sustainable economic growth): technology, public institutions, the macroeconomic environment. For example, Sweden is the third largest [1] in the composite rating only because of its superiority in technological index (the index of public institutions Sweden are on the 12th place on the index of the macroeconomic environment - on the 15th, and the index of market efficiency - 19 -m). are obvious technological importance and weight of the index. Russia this index is only 74th, just behind Serbia and Montenegro (73rd place) and even Guatemala (71th place). [2] Thus, the competitiveness of the country has now determined primarily by the level of its technological development, the ability to innovative development.

From Global Competitiveness Index in 2006 Kazakhstan ranked 62th out of 125 countries in the WEF. Talking about some Kazakh figures, once again say that Kazakhstan lags behind developed countries in the indices of social institutions (114th) and Technology (74th), and it is these codes are fundamental in determining the composite index of global competitiveness. Relatively good macroeconomic environment index (33th place, while the United States - 69th, Japan - 91st) shows annual GDP growth. But it should be noted that economic growth in Kazakhstan began immediately after the 1998 crisis (which is natural), and the current favorable situation on world commodity markets further supported this growth. Level of infrastructure (61st) also leaves much to be desired. And it was the lack of infrastructure hinders the further development of our economy. In addition, the level of development of innovation also remains low. In my opinion, this is due to the economic downturn 90s and quite lopsided (raw) economies. Kazakhstan has already developed capitalist market, but it operates inefficiently (only 60th place).

With the growth of globalization, developed countries will increase the competitiveness of their economies. And in connection with such low rates of Kazakhstan really should think about ensuring the safety of foreign trade. Because otherwise (in the case of Bad) this may lead to a loss of national sovereignty.

To avoid this, Kazakhstan requires sustainable economic development. For this development need large investment infusion into the economy, according to some estimates, about 200-300 billion U.S. dollars. If in the 90s. for our economy, the main problem was to find the money, now the main problem is the efficient use of these funds. Thus, from the funds allocated to the priority national projects it has been used only 30%

How to successfully enter the global competitive space? I think the answer to this question is quite obvious. Need to bring together the quality of Russian and macro environment and entrepreneurial firms with quality unparalleled global market.

The right to use advanced networks (financial, innovation, investment, distribution, information, advertising, etc.) have to pay world market, including through the sale of the shares to foreign strategic investors. The Programme of Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation to 2010 states: "The purpose of competition policy is to create an environment equal and fair competition, promotes efficient allocation of resources and sustainable economic development". [3]

In addition, the need to develop a national concept of international competitiveness of Russia, formed jointly by representatives of government, business, science and public organizations. It should also identify the most competitive sphere of Russian business, where the national capital could enter into Western European TNCs and competitive sector in which it is advisable to establish under the auspices of the kazakh capital TNK Western type. Currently it is possible for energy and fuel corporations Kazakhstan. Highly competitive firms may be formed in the sphere of military-industrial complex (MIC) through the establishment of corporate structures of horizontal type. Finally, we need to actively shape the company's "new economy", to develop Internet technologies with modern competitive advantage.

As in many countries, in Kazakhstan the problem of economic security have begun to consider only when the economy is close to the threshold values of economic security, and then exceeded them. Now economic policy is somewhat obscure. First of all, there is no clearly thought-out policy, no elaborate programs to ensure economic security.

Under these conditions, the basis of the state strategy should be the policy development, taking into account the strategic priorities, national interests and minimize security threats. If market forces (the invisible hand of the market) can not by themselves bring the country out of the crisis, it is necessary on the basis of in-depth analysis of the market situation to lay the foundations lift production. Without priority approach to industrial, scientific and technical recovery can not solve such problems of economic security as the suppression of inflation, an acceptable level of employment, quality of life and social protection of the population. Therefore, the main objective of economic policy should be to restore economic growth. To achieve this goal, it seems necessary to restore effective demand, because it encourages demand producer to improve the quality of their products, to expand production. That is the basis of macro-economic policy should be to create an enabling environment for productive activities.

The basic direction of the investment policy for the transition period should be the formation of an enabling environment conducive to increasing the investment activity, attracting private domestic and foreign investment for the reconstruction of the Kazakh economy. Emphasize that improving the efficiency of the investment policy is possible in the implementation of the following principles:

• - Serial centralization of the investment process;

• - increasing the role of non-inflationary sources of accumulation (internal sources of accumulation and savings enterprises);

• - significant expansion of the number of common (shared) state and commercial financing of investment projects;

• - shifting the center of gravity with a nonrefundable budget financing for loans repayable;

• - placement of centralized capital investments and public funding of investment projects for production purposes only on a competitive basis;

• - use of the centralized (credit) of investment funds for the implementation of effective and especially fast payback of investment projects and small business facilities, regardless of their industry affiliation and ownership to accelerate structural and technological restructuring of production;

• - incentives to attract foreign investment.

At the same time, to establish a list of productions, "closed" for foreign investment in terms of economic security.

Thus, the most important tasks at this stage in the field of foreign trade activities, providing economic security should be:

• - continuation of the policy of trade liberalization in compliance with Russia's economic interests and ensure its economic security, improve economic efficiency of foreign economic activity in terms of integration of Russia into the world economy;

• - further development of export capacity, primarily due to the expansion of production machinery, equipment and other high-tech products, the policy of import substitution;

• - support the interests of domestic exporters in foreign markets in order to restore and maintain their position in the world commodity markets;

• - holding within the accepted procedures policy of reasonable protectionism for domestic manufacturers, not a monopoly in the domestic market;

• - ensuring the most favorable conditions for Russian external debt and its service;

• - stabilization of the ruble against the freely convertible currencies;

• - business uptime transport arteries connecting Russia with foreign markets (road and rail transport, main gas and oil pipelines, interconnections, etc.).

While ensuring the economic security of Kazakhstan requires strengthening of state power, increase confidence in its institutions, as well as streamlining of production and the formation of economic policy. Can also be concluded that in the forefront among the factors determining the national security of Kazakhstan, acts as the stability of the national economy to external and internal to the adverse impacts caused by globalization.

Thus, our country really need to address external economic security, to improve the competitiveness of our economy and not become dependent on developed countries, remaining fuel and raw materials appendage of low-products with high added value. In my opinion, this should continue the policy of economic liberalization, but along with it a prudent protectionist policies to protect domestic producers.