1-year outcomes results of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with "target artery" distal calcinosis

Aim. Comparative assessment of the surgical strategies and one-year results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without target artery distal calcinosis. Methods. A prospective study from January 2017 to October 2018 included 462 patients with coronary artery disease. All patients underwent CABG. Groups were formed according to coronary angiography data. Group 1 — patients with target artery distal calcinosis (n = 108). Group 2 — patients without any marks of coronary calcification (n = 354). To minimize systematic errors and maximize their comparability, computer correction was performed using propensity score matching (group 1 n = 106, group 2 n = 106). Intraoperative data and one-year outcomes were analyzed and compared. Results. Following the strategy for complete revascularization, we had to form a greater number of distal anastomosis in group 1 due to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The index of revascularization was higher in group 1 (4.4 ± 0.7 and 3.9 ± 0.8, p = 0.001). We registered a higher frequency of using prolonged patch-angioplasty (21.7 versus 1.8 %, p < 0.001), anastomosis with artery diameter < 1.5 mm (33.9 versus 16 %, p < 0.003), coronary artery endarterectomy (13.2 versus 0.9%, p < 0.001) in patients with coronary artery calcinosis. As well as the creation of composite grafts, such as Y-graft (33 versus 8.5 %, p < 0.001) and sequential graft (13.9 versus 5.7 %, p = 0.03) were higher in group 1. The use of adjunctive surgical techniques in the main group significantly increased the duration of cardio-pulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp time. The primary endpoints – coronary ischemic events – angina recurrence (10.3 versus 6.3 %, p = 0.307), myocardial infarction (3.1 versus 2.1 %, p = 0.654), the need for re-revascularization (3.1 versus 1 %, p = 0.318) were comparable in 1 year after surgery. Overall mortality was relatively low in both groups. Conclusion. CABG in patients with target artery distal calcinosis is associated with similar one-year outcomes compared to CABG in patients without coronary artery calcification. The positive results of CABG in patients with target artery distal calcinosis indicate the benefits of complete myocardial revascularization, despite the long duration and complexity of interventions.