Holstein cattle breed in the Orel region: retrospective analysis and current status

The Holstein cattle breed is the best in milk production in the world; however, when breeding this breed in Russia, livestock breeders encountered problems of deterioration of its productive and reproductive qualities. The article presents the results of breeding Holstein breed in the Orel region, a retrospective analysis of the results of breeding Holstein breed from 2009 is given. It was established that imported cattle of Hungarian origin was better than Irish, but subsequently animals from different countries showed approximately the same milk production. Among the lines animals line V.B. Ideal differed. In 2018, 7955 kg of milk was received from 891 cows, which was higher than that of their mothers by 1209 kg of milk. The greatest milk yields were obtained from the heifers of the line of V. B. Ideal (n = 482) - 8359 kg of milk, which exceeded the mothers by 1463 kg of milk. At the same time, in all first-calf heifers, the milk fat content in comparison with mothers fell by 0.06-0.11%. The protein content in milk, meanwhile, increased by an average of 0.07%. In the R. Sovereign line, the general phenotypic variability decreased according to all evaluated signs of milk productivity. Among the manufacturing bulls-sires, M. Omanni 7611271, Minister 133588633, Sante 139453690, should be noted, because their daughters showed milk yield for the first lactation at + 1955- + 2242 kg in comparison with the average milk yield for the first lactation of the whole herd. Breeding experience has shown good results when using Holstein cows.