Horizontal ties as a factor in the development of economic federalism in the Russian Federation

The article reveals an important trend in the development of economic federalism in Russia - the establishment of horizontal ties between regions. The theory distinguishes three types of inter-budget relations in a federal state: decentralized (American model), cooperative (German model), mixed (Canadian model). Russia implements a cooperative model of inter-budget relations with a high degree of vertical centralization. The Budget Code of the Russian Federation laid the normative foundations for the development of horizontal inter-subject relations, according to which in 2019 the regions acquired the right to pass subsidies to each other, and in 2022 - to issue loans for up to 3 years. The authors highlight such promising forms of establishing horizontal ties between the subjects of the Russian Federation as the signing of interregional agreements, subsidies, lending, placing their representative offices in each other's territory, participation in interregional associations, active aid to new territories.