Municipal and zemstvo governments: antagonism between the two systems of public authorities (case study of Vyatka, the second half of 19th -early 20th centuries)

The article is concerned with the issue of interaction between municipal and zemstvo authorities dealing with urban problems. The author observes the main areas of cooperation and the areas where zemstvo’s and municipal interests conflicted, emphasizing exploitative nature of zemstvo when a town was interpreted not as a field of activity but as a source of district taxes. The article designates reasons of conflicts between the municipal and zemstvo authorities, and the most popular ways of conflict resolutions.