Gradual-evaluative types of phraseological models in Russian colloquialisms of the Republic of Mordovia

Phraseological models are considered on the basis of the phraseology of the Russian dialects of the Republic of Mordovia. A group of dialect phraseological units with the hyperseme “speech” is represented as a phraseosemantic field having a vertical and horizontal cross section. Differentiation of phraseological units models is carried out according to semantic and gradual-evaluative features. At the center of the study is a vertical cross-section of the field, in which, based on the seminal analysis, models representing zones are distinguished: nuclear, near-nuclear and peripheral. The core is represented by models with the seme “to be silent” (n., to keep the tongue near you) / “to speak” (n., to push speech). There are 30 models (n., to talk, agree, object, chat, swear, gossip, etc.) recorded in the near-nuclear zone, most of which have a negative connotation (n., shout, cheat, get angry). The peripheral zone is reflected by the following models, which contain this trait (n., the sheep is zabaisty), circumstantiality (n., you can’t say in vain) and objectivity (n., a torn letter). Phraseological units that fill in these models have a pronounced graded-evaluative component, which is reflected in the selected gradosemes (for example, “loudly” -toad (adam’s apple) to tear, “strongly” - to reach white hair, etc.). In this way the authors come to the conclusion that graduality makes it possible to create a metaphorical image, and the seme of expressiveness present in phraseological units gives expressiveness to speech.