Civil-Law Regulation of the Use of Blockchain Technology in the Activities of Credit Institutions

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation governing the use of blockchain technologies in the activities of credit institutions. The study covers multiple layers of legal regulation – from constitutional norms to by-laws of the Bank of Russia. The author identifies structural contradictions, gaps, and conflicts in the current legislation that hinder the effective adoption of innovative financial instruments. Particular attention is paid to issues of regulating digital financial assets, digital currency, and utilitarian digital rights, including the cross-border circulation of these assets. A comparative legal analysis is conducted of regulatory regimes in countries friendly to Russia with respect to digital assets. Based on the findings, the author formulates proposals for improving the legal framework to create an efficient system of financial settlements using blockchain technologies – one that balances innovative development in the financial sector with the protection of financial consumers’ rights. This research was conducted as part of the state assignment of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.