Civil period of Australian literature as a resource of moral values of the Australian nation

The article takes issue with a particular chronological period of development of the Australian literature that is the turn of the 19-20 centuries, as well as with the general scientific provisions on the universal connection, mutual conditioning and integrity of phenomena and processes of the surrounding world. Besides, the article considers the historical and cultural context and social preconditions for the formation of a civil period in Australian literature. Beginning with formal description of its civilian stream, the paper features a combination of major values and core imprints under a steady attention of iconic authors towards everyday life of the pioneers of the nation, their hard work and desire to explore vast lands, and as a result, to build a strong state. The article also deals with the semantics of one of the core concepts and cultural elements in the Australian lexicon, which developed its semantics relating Australian culture to the life style and mentality of its people. Under the scope of a closer attention is the concept “mate-mateship” related to the up-country labourers, shearers and shed-hands, which allows for applying a panchronic approach. Contextual analysis reinforces revealing a dynamic development of the polycentric English language and makes the meaning of the conceptual unity “mate-mateship” a lingua-cultural phenomenon.