Growth and development of sweet batat (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Termiz city

Reduction in the range of vegetation caused by various factors may cause some species to disappear or decrease altogether. Therefore, the protection and rational use of flora and its enrichment at the expense of foreign species are of great importance.

Batata is one of the most important food crops in the national economy. The batter is boiled and boiled, used for food, various canned foods are prepared, the batter is made of 25-30% bread and baked goods and confectionery. Sour starch is a great source of raw material for the production of sugar in the production of beer.

The genus Ipomoea belongs to the family of the Batata peaceless (Sollvolvuliceae), with more than 400 species on the globe, but one species is planted by Ipomoea batatas L, a perennial plant. The surface of the trunk is smooth, flat, with no potato-like eyes. There is juice in the tissues, cells contain ash. The size of the blanks is different, beet roof, round, lobster, white, yellow, pink, and purple. The weight of the bark is 200-500 g, but some weigh 7 kg, and in tropical countries it is 20-25 kg. The stem grows up and forms a rapid root. The length is 1.5-4 meters. The leaves are heart-shaped, the whole leaves grow, the peehak flower resembles a flower with a large diameter of 3.5-4,5 cm. The fruit is round, dark brown, 1-2 seed, sometimes 4 seeds. Seed is bureaux-shaped, black and has brown spots. Batatas is stimulated by the wind and insects [4].

Research object and method. The top of the plant is T.A. Rabotnov [2], I. G. Serebryakov [3], and the root system were studied using P. K. Krasilnikov [1]. In the experiments, the root nodes were sown at different times: in spring (February, March, and April) to study the growth of the succulent node and the subsequent growth phases.

The germination and germination rates were monitored throughout the growing season. The effects of air temperature and relative humidity on these indicators were also investigated using psychrometer and soil temperature was determined at a depth of 0–5 cm.

Results of the study. According to the experiments, in February, when the soil temperature was 6.50C, it began to germinate for 25 days, with shoot growth of 24.0%. In March, when the soil temperature was 100C, the germination of shoots increased by 15 days and amounted to 27.0%. In April, when the soil temperature rose to 120C, it started to grow within 10 days and reached 30.0%.

In our experiments, the seeds sown in the spring during the 25th day at a temperature of 10.50C, at the 25th day the tubers reached 0.25 mm, the soil temperature reached 11.80C on the 30th, and the root at 1.30 mm at the 30th day. Increased by 0 mm. In summer, the daily soil temperature at 25.70C increased by 0.50 mm on the 5th day and by 2.0 mm on the 10th day at 24.10C.

Therefore, the growth of buds and the growth of tubers depends on the soil temperature. The higher the temperature of the soil, the faster the roots grow and the lower they are.

We carried out our research in the spring plantings. These variants have been subjected to phenological and morpho biological observations, including the effect of soil temperatures on growth, development, flowering, flowering and seed germination throughout the season and the growing season.

Summary. In both plants, the soil temperature during the cultivation phase was lower than in the flowering and fertilization phases. This process will have a significant impact on the temperature of the soil during March and April, the high amount of precipitation, cloudy weather and increased soil moisture.