A character of variability of quality of the certified seeds of the sunflower varieties at production in the different regions of the Russian Federation

A work was done at the Federal state budgetary scientific institution “All Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S.” in 2012- 2014. A purpose of the research was to study a quality of certified seeds of sunflower varieties R-453, SUR, Lakomka, and Oreshek produced in conditions of the Northem-Caucasus (Krasnodar region) and the Low Volga (Volgograd and Saratov regions) regions. In Krasnodar region seeds were cultivated at FGUP “Berezanskoe”, Korenovsky district, in Volgograd region - at OOO “Sunflower”, Novoanninsky district, in Saratov region - at Volkov’s farm, Marks city. Oil content in seeds was determined by means of a nuclear-magnetic resonance onNMR-analyzer AMV-1006 M by State Standard R 8.620-2006, 1000 seeds weight - by State Standard 12042-80, fatty-acid composition of oil - by a method of gas-liquid chromatography on a Chromatek-Kristall 5000. The resuits showed the character of variability in years of 1000 seeds weight and oil content in the varieties R- 453 and SUR does not depend on a region of seed production. It certifies the genetic uniformity of these varietal populations and a weak reaction on environmental changes. At the same time, variation of oil content in seeds of confectionary sunflower varieties Lakomka and Oreshek cultivated in Volgograd region exceeds analogous traits of seeds cultivated in Krasnodar region. A range of variation in seeds of Krasnodar and Volgograd reproductions was 2.7 and 6.8% for the variety Lakomka, 0.9 and 6.3%, respectively, for the variety Oreshek. A possible reason of this can be an increased heterogeneity of these varieties. A general regularity for all the studied varieties is a direct dependence of fatty-acid composition on latitude. A higher content of oleic and lower content of linoleic acids were noted in oil of seeds of Krasnodar reproduction compared to seeds cultivated in Volgograd and Saratov regions. A specific influence of varieties on variability of the quality of the certified seeds under the different soil and climate conditions of seeds production was described.