Heredity and environment, their impact on the development of the organism

Heredity is the transfer of parental signs to children. The growth and development of the child depends on the inherited inheritance, but the role of the environment is also great. It is accepted to distinguish between a favorable and unfavorable (or burdened) heredity. The moneys that ensure the harmonious development of the child's abilities and personality are related to favorable heredity. If the corresponding conditions are not created for the development of these deposits, then they fade away, not reaching the level of development of the giftedness of the parents. For example, the singing voice, the musical ear, the ability to draw, etc., do not develop.

Hereditary heredity can not always ensure the normal development of the child, even in a good environment of upbringing. Usually it is the cause of abnormalities (abnormalities) and even ugliness, and in some cases, the cause of prolonged illness and death. In addition, the cause of anomalies in children can be alcoholism of parents and the harmfulness of their profession (for example, work related to radioactive substances, pesticides, vibration).

However, heredity, especially unfavorable, should not be considered as inevitable. In some cases, it is amenable to correction and management.

Timely detection of inherited characteristics in children makes it possible to send some children to special schools for gifted ones, others - to auxiliary schools. Children with mental and physical anomalies (mentally retarded, deaf, blind) in auxiliary schools are attached to socially useful work, master the letter and improve their intellectual development. A huge merit in correcting the adverse heredity in children belongs to oligophrenic, surdo and typhlo-pedagogy.

Mutual relations of the organism with the environment. The founder of Russian physiology I.M. Sechenov wrote that "an organism without an environment that supports its existence is impossible, therefore the scientific definition of the organism must include the environment that influences it." Consequently, outside nature and the social environment, in fact, there is no person.

I.P. Pavlov, developing this situation, came to the conclusion that it is necessary to speak of a person as a whole organism, which is closely interconnected with the external environment and exists only as long as the balanced state of it and the environment remains. In this connection, all the reflexes were considered by Pavlov as a reaction to constant adaptation to the external world (for example, adaptation of a person to different climatic conditions or different habitats).

Thus, the development of a person can not be adequately assessed without taking into account the environment in which he lives, educates, works, without regard to those with whom he communicates, and the functions of his body -without taking into account the hygienic requirements imposed on the workplace, the home environment, without the account of mutual relations of the person with plants, animals, etc.

Genotype - a set of genes of this organism

Phenotype - inherent in the individual set of all the signs and properties that were formed in the process of its individual development. The phenotype arises from the interaction between the individual's genotype and the environment.

Ontogenesis is the individual development of the organism; development of the individual from the moment of fertilization of the oocyte to the onset of death.

Phylogeny - The process of development of the organic world as a whole or its individual groups.