Surgery of the "dry" heart in conditions of hypothermia. From the origins to the middle of the XX century

This paper presents the main achievements in our country and abroad in the development of operations on the «dry» heart. The merits of a prominent Russian surgeon, Professor N.N. Terebinsky, were noted. The fact is analyzed that in his work N.N. Terebinsky used the «Autojector» device, invented by the physiologist-innovator and scientist S.S. Bryukhonenko in 1924. This remarkable discovery made it possible for surgeons to perform operations on the septa and heart valves using artificial blood circulation under the control of vision. It is shown that the general cooling of a warm-blooded organism with a highly developed thermoregulation system is very difficult to tolerate and, when the temperature drops to a certain level, leads to the death of an animal and a person. The first studies on this issue, which in the USSR belonged to A.N. Bakulev, P.A. Kupriyanov, V.I. Burakovsky, I.R. Petrov, B.V. Petrovsky, G.A. Ryabov, are analyzed. It is shown that P.A. Kupriyanov for the first time in the Soviet Union (1955) performed an operation on a «dry» heart under hypothermia, removing the fibrous ring under the control of vision with tetrad Fallot. At that time, operations on a «dry» heart under hypothermia posed a danger to the lives of patients and therefore were used in isolated cardiac clinics with caution.