Seed crops root stock economic and biological characteristics in the Astrakhan region conditions

The purpose of research is to study and identify clonal rootstocks of pome crops adapted to the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian Region, providing the cultivation of high-quality planting material. The paper presents the results of studying the features of the development of rootstocks of pome crops in arid conditions of the Astrakhan Region. The studies were carried out at the experimental site of the FSBSI "Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences" in 2020-2022. Eight new apple rootstocks were involved in the study. Of these, five forms of recent years of selection from the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center named after I. V. Michurin (Malysh Budagovskogo, 83-1-15, 76-3-6, 87-7-12, 71-7-22), 2 forms from the Orenburg OSSiV VTISP (Ural 5, Ural8) and 1 form from the Volgograd SAU (MM106). The control was rootstocks of the M series: M 9 for dwarf, M26 for semi-dwarf, MM 106 for medium. The study again included rootstocks SK 3 (dwarf), SK2, 62-396 (semi-dwarf), 54-118 (medium tall), isolated as a result of previous studies. In 2020, rootstocks of apple trees of joint selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking" and the Stavropol experimental station for horticulture were used: B 17-52, St 24-1, St 6-1, Sk2u, St 6-2, St 20-4, St 6-6 , St 1-1, K 1, St 6-7, St 4-2, St 3, St 18-3, St 6-4 and St 19-5 in the form of cuttings with buds. Rootstocks were grafted onto a medium- sized rootstock M4 and dwarf P60 in the amount of 308 pieces with their further rooting and planting vertical layers in the mother liquor. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the rootstock 54-118 stood out with the best survival rate of cuttings (80%). The survival rate of eyes in 100% was 54-118 for the rootstock. Rootstock St 6-7 of the joint selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking" and the Stavropol Experimental Station for Horticulture stood out with the best survival rate of 100%.