Chronic Heart Failure. Prevalence, Clinical Course Variants, and Prognosis

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical and functional syndrome caused by systolic and/or diastolic myocardial dysfunction against the background of structural or functional cardiac abnormalities. It manifests as systemic tissue hypoperfusion and venous congestion while maintaining cardiac filling (M.M. Mirrakhimov). Currently, billions of people worldwide are at increased risk of developing HF. In the general population, the most common causes of HF are arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In men, the primary etiological factor is coronary artery disease, whereas in women, metabolic disorders associated with HF are more prevalent. The prognosis for HF remains poor: the mortality rate for patients with acute HF of functional classes III and IV is 44% and 85%, respectively. The median survival for patients with chronic HF of functional classes I–II is 8.4 years, while for those with functional classes III–IV, it is only 3.8 years. This article presents a clinical case of chronic HF of ischemic origin with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in a female patient, K., born in 1959, residing in a rural area. The follow-up period after hospital discharge was 6 years and 9 months (2,473 days). The publication includes tables and illustrations to enhance the comprehension of the presented material.