I. Kant as a turning point in the history of western European philosophy

The article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual turn in the history of Western European philosophy associated with the specifics of Kantian transcendentalism. The author shows how Kant's problematization of the possibility of applying the category of substance to the transcendental Ego turned out to be a prerequisite for M. Heidegger's development of the idea of existentials as existential characteristics of Dasein. It is demonstrated that if within the framework of Kantian transcendental philosophy, the being is revealed through the act of representation, that is, through the transformation of everything into an object, then in existential analytics through mood. It is substantiated that in Kantian transcendental philosophy, the identity of man with himself is primary, whereas in Heideggerian existential analytics, on the contrary, the original mode is "not by itself".