The idea of rank in Ilyin's philosophy

The phenomenon of rank is analyzed in political, ideological, and religious aspects of Russian culture and civilization. Special attention is paid to the correlation between actual (inherent human quality such as talent, courage, righteousness) and social ranks (rights and duties of a person) by a case study of pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and contemporary Russia. The emphasis is placed on the relations of concepts of rank with equality and inequality, justice, responsibility, and confidence. Based on theoretical works and sociological research, the authors conclude that the number of false rank carriers has increased in all Russian social groups during liberal reforms compared to previous development stages. The empirical material presented in the paper confirms an Ilyin’s idea of connection (rather than separation) of these ranks that supports optimal function of Russian society and provides the implementation of the Russian Presidential decrees adopted in May 2018.