The idea of human rights and freedoms and the citizen and its reflection in the legislation and constitutions of different periods of the Russian state

The article traces how at different times, at different periods of historical development, the idea of human and citizen rights and freedoms was studied, developed and transformed, and was reflected in the legislation and constitutions of different periods of the development of the Russian state. The authors draw an important conclusion that the ancient ideas about law, freedom, the principle of justice, the idea of a just state system of individuals' life served as the basis for the development of modern concepts of human and citizen rights, their direct formal consolidation in the legal framework, the theory of the legal state and civil society. In the course of a comparative analysis and study of the fundamental provisions of the basic law of the Russian state in 1977, the authors come to the conclusion that many ideas of the thinkers of the XVIII-XIX centuries of Europe and Russia in one form or another were directly reflected in the modern Russian Constitution. The continuity of previous international and national regulatory acts, which reflected the fundamental provisions on the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, social equality, democracy, the principle of separation of powers, the rule of law and the law in the public and state regulation of a citizen’s life, contributes to the formation and development of civil society and the rule of law in the modern Russian Federation.