The ideological and political spectrum: general methodological context and the situation in modern Russia

The concept of the “ideological and political spectrum” in the political science literature is used to describe various ideologies and their propagators, such as political parties and social movements. However, there is no single definition of this term. In fact, the ideological and political spectrum reflects the diversity of political parties or their counterparts. As a rule, this refers to the main characteristic of the internal structure of the ideological and political scale, that is, the positioning of parties and social movements based on the right-left spectrum. The aim of the article is to identify the specifics of the tradition of distinguishing between right-wing and left-wing political parties in the methodological context.