Worldoutlook bases of the scientific cognition

The article is devoted to the analysis of the origin and developments of the modern science on the base of the interpreting the existence's problem, of existence in that its understanding, which was formed as far back as in epoch scholasticism. Ideological divergences between realism and nominalism, for a long time ceased to be exclusively a theological problem, allow to look in a new fashion on methodology of the scientific cognition.