Immune hematological characteristics and functional activity of cattle's blood cells under the impact of low radiation doses

The aim of the study is to assess the level and intensity of ROS production in the peripheral blood of farm animals under conditions of a low-dose radiation load. The study was carried out on lactating cows (black-and-white and red-and-white breed). In the village of Momotovo, 20 blood samples were examined (the average age of the animals was 71 ± 14 months); in the village of B. Balchug - 11 samples (the average age of the animals is 60 months), in the village of Borsk - 20 blood samples (the average age of the animals is 72 ± 6 months). It was found that datum of lactating cows under the influence of low doses of ionizing radiation (1.3 and 1.6 mGy/year) and under the action of background values (0.9 mGy/year) did not differ statistically: ESR, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and their phagocytic activity. The total amount of primary radicals spontaneously generated in the blood of cattle under the influence of a radiation dose of 1.3 and 1.6 mGy/year is significantly higher, and the secondary radicals formed during antigenic activation in vitro are significantly lower than in animals when exposed to a radiation dose of 0.9 mGy/year. The activation index of the generation of luminol- and lucigenin-dependent ROS in cattle from the territory with an irradiation dose of 1.3 mGy/year is 1.4 times less than in animals under the action of a dose of 0.9 mGy/year; it indicates a reduction in stand-by capacity of neutrophils to the active forms of oxygen generation. On the basis of the results it may be concluded, that under the impact of 1.3 and 1.6 mGy/year radiation doses, the total number of spontaneous primary radicals in peripheral blood of lactating cows significantly increases; the total number of secondary radicals generated by antigen-activated cells decreases.