Imminological and microbiological profile of oral mucosa in children with cleft lip and palate (literature review)

Cleft lip and palate creates favourable conditions for increased colonization of enterotoxic microorganisms and microflora of nasal cavity in the gingival sulci of III and IV of teeth, and in the area of the edges of the cleft palate. The level of enterotoxic bacteria along the cleft is nearly 6 times as high as that of children without the pathology. In the mucous membrane of oral cavity the basal membrane is thin and undifferentiated, amorphous substance is more permeable, which creates favourable conditions terms for the spread of opportunistic microflora. The emerging phenomenon of «mouth breathing» results in hyposalivation and decreased secretion of mucin, lisozyme, lactoferrin, sIgA and other defense factors of oral mucosa. Moreover, decreased local immunologic reactivity brings about changes in Mg-Ca balance involved in the mechanisms of resistance and regeneration of oral mucosa.