Empress Martina in the campaigns of Heraclius: to the problem of the genesis of the idea of the crusades

The author of the article explores the history of the marriage of Emperor Heraclius and Empress Martina, examines the adventure of the impostor False Theodosius and explores the veneration of the Mandylion in the army of Heraclius during the Persian campaign. The author argues with P. Speck and proves that the False Theodosius, described by the Armenian bishop Pseudo- Sebeos and in Syriac sources, could not be the true Theodosius. The author comes to the conclusion about the key role of Martina in the politics of Heraclius and puts forward a hypothesis about the origin of the Missori from the treasure in Karavas, which was associated with the stages of the political biography of August David, the second son of Heraclius and Martina.