Incidence and differential diagnosis for canine testicular tumors

The aim of research is to study the incidence and differential diagnosis of tumor pathological processes in the testes in male dogs. The study was carried out on 99 dogs, from which 138 testicles with various pathologies were obtained, which were analyzed using ultrasonography and histological examination. 130 testicles (94.20 %) had tumor pathologies: 74/130 (56.92 %) leydig, 26/130 (20.00 %) seminomas, 18/130 (13.85 %) sertoliomas, 12/130 (9,23 %) mixed tumors; 8 (5.80%) had non-tumor lesions: 2/8 (25.00 %) - hyperplasia of Leydig cells (interstitial), 2/8 (25.00 %) - cysts with degenerative changes in spermatogenic epithelium or aspermatogenesis, 2/8 (25.00 %) cases of degenerative changes in germ cell epithelium or aspermatogenesis, 1/8 (12.50 %) cases of diffuse severe purulent-necrotizing orchitis with multifocal moderate neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic epididymitis, 1/8 (12.50 %) cases of local common interstitial hemorrhages. The average age of dogs with testicular tumors was 10.54 years (2–16 years), while dogs with non-tumor pathology of the testicles had an average age of 11.74 years. The main method for differentiating tumor and non-tumor pathologies of the testes in dogs remains the histological method. According to the results of ultrasonographic examination, in most cases, a tumor process is assumed, except for 3/8 (37.50 %) of non-tumor pathologies, where ultrasonographic changes were not detected, as well as 1/8 (12.5 %) of non-tumor lesions, where ultrasound revealed a decrease in testis in volume. Ultrasonographic method and macroscopic measurement do not allow to reliably distinguish these processes, however, together with anamnestic data, it is possible to assume the presence of non-tumor pathology.