Infrastructure of Crimea on the eve of the Crimean campaign of the Eastern war

The scientific publication is focused on the characteristics of the civil infrastructure of the Crimean Peninsula on the eve of the Crimean campaign of the Eastern War. Based on an array of archival documents and published sources, the authors analyze the situation of the road transport system and trade on the peninsula that took place before the outbreak of hostilities. This aspect of the study seems very relevant due to the lack of a wide range of works concerning the social life of the Crimea on the eve and during the military actions. Issues related to the problems of road infrastructure, the functioning of transport, the implementation of communications, trade, etc., unjustifiably remain outside the scope of scientific interests at the present stage. The harsh conditions and unfortunate outcome of the war revealed the global problems of the Russian Empire in this regard. Modernization and a number of bourgeois-democratic reforms that took place in Russia after the end of the military campaign were caused by the necessity that the Crimean War so eloquently indicated. In this vein, a serious analysis of some fragments relevant to the Peninsula, not only during the war in 1854-1856, but also on the eve of it, seems necessary.