Russia’s Innovation Policy: Historical Experience and Major Challenges of Our Time

This article, which aimed to summarize the experience of state regulation of innovation processes at various stages of Russia’s historical development and assess the effectiveness of this policy, demonstrates that Russia’s historical experience of innovative development differs significantly from that of other countries. This is due to the traditionally high role of state participation and the centralized nature of economic management. Conclusions are drawn about the dependence of the state of the innovative economy and ideas about the mechanisms of its development on the ongoing transformations in society. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of official statistics data, which allowed concluding that the target levels of indicators reflecting the achievement of the national development goal “Achieving Technological Leadership” by 2030 are difficult to achieve, requiring the adoption of additional measures, the implementation of which will ensure overcoming technological gap.