Innovation as a factor of competitiveness

The strategy of innovative development of the republic forced from 2010, developed at the initiative of the President of Kazakhstan, a concept paper on the basis of which is designed and put into practice a number of industry-specific programs. Its demand due to an urgent need to overcome the dependence on commodity sector and focus on high-tech production of goods and services [1].

Current stage the development of the world economy and the economy of Kazakhstan is characterized by increased competition and the growing influence of innovation of economic growth. In a world market the products of intellectual labor are more expensive compared to other types of products. The market dictates the need to create conditions for greater use of innovation, strengthening the innovation activity due to its openness and increased competition [2].

One of the characteristics of productive models in the most dynamic economies is, specifically, that they take innovations on board including those of an organizational nature that concerned with production processes and distribution of goods and services that are considered traditional. This affords new competitive advantages to innovative firms in a context of the weakness of their respective sectors on the global level.

Innovation manifest themselves take place in the following cases:

• 1 .) Creation of a new good or quality;

• 2 .) Introduction of the new, it is based is not necessarily scientific discovery, it can also be a new method of using the relevant product;

• 3 .) The development of a new market;

• 4 .) Providing a new source of raw materials or semi-finished products;

• 5 .) Organizational change (reform, modernization and reorganization).

In any case, innovation is a complex process of creation, dissemination and use of new practical tools to meet any need. Innovative activity gives a dynamic,wave, continuous nature of the process of economic development: first, they open up new opportunities for expansion, then destroy the existing system, causing its transition from one state to another. This transition is correlated with fluctuations in the dynamics of economic indicators. Schumpeter believes that the long-wavelength fluctuations in economic conditions associated with the clustering of innovations. This idea was developed in the theoretical work of many scientists and practical confirmation .

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a country whose economy plays an important role exports of raw materials . This indicates an inefficient use of available technical and productive capacity. For economic development attracted major investments. However, 60 % of the total investments made in the oil and gas industry. Investments in power, ferrous metallurgy and food industries account for about 8%. Such irrational structure of investment in fixed assets is due, firstly, the fact that investment in natural resource industries provide a quick return, and secondly, the fact that foreign investors are unwilling transformation of Kazakh producers in competition on the world market of industrial products.

The main organizational innovation infrastructure institutions NIS Kazakhstan become technology parks ( industrial parks ) and technological business incubators with the organizational structure, financial, personnel and logistics, necessary and sufficient to provide support for all stages and processes of innovation development.

As the international experience, small and medium enterprise in innovation - the first on the mass and the most dynamic structural component of the innovation potential of industrialized countries. Small and medium-sized innovative firms are technology leaders in the emerging sectors of the economy, opening up new market segments, developing new industries, increasing knowledge intensity and competitiveness of production and thereby contribute to the formation of new technological paradigms .

One of the most effective mechanisms for the development and support of small innovative enterprises is the process of business incubation , ie the process of creating an enabling environment for innovative projects at the earliest stages of their development risk, even when the probability of success is difficult to determine as well as the rapid development of technology companies [3].

In order to form the technological priorities of Kazakhstan in Kazakhstan in the period 2010-2011, conducted technological forecasting . For this purpose, 14 were involved in the most authoritative experts in the world of scientific research institute KISTEP from South Korea. According to the results of forecasting identified critical technologies, the development of which is necessary to achieve the strategic leadership in specific areas of the industry. For each of these technologies are being developed with the support of government agencies routings. Technological forecasting results are used to update the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Technological Plan. According to the plan in 2011 identified technological challenges for the development of new production technologies, as well as human, financial and infrastructural resources in agriculture, mining and metals sector, the energy sector, oil and gas sector, engineering, information and communication technologies, chemical and petrochemical. In future work posozdaniyu system provides coordination through implementation of innovation policy, both of national and regional levels [4].

In conclusion, it should be noted: a powerful tool for ensuring effective modern enterprise innovation activity are well-developed and successfully tested the world practice innovative ideas. They underlying innovative activity is the main link in the chain of factors increasing the innovation competitiveness.