Innovation of the basis of development of the economy of Uzbekistan

World experience convincingly proves that innovative technologies have become the most important effective means and condition for the development of modern production and the economic potential of the state. They combine the advanced achievements of science, the possibility of implementing the latest engineering solutions and modernizing production, mastering the production of new types of products, its mass distribution and market sales.In order to ensure the competitiveness of products, the modern economies of the world make a decisive bet on the transformation of scientific knowledge into new consumer value, which has qualitatively higher properties compared to its counterparts on the world market. That is why innovation is an important factor in the development of the national economy. Today, as world experience shows, there is no alternative to the innovative path of development. The creation, introduction and wide distribution of new products, services of technological processes are becoming key factors of economic growth, increase of economic efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises.

The Republic of Uzbekistan, occupying a favorable transit economic and geographical position within Central Asia, plays an important role in the integration processes in this region. At the same time, our country has rich natural resources, which give great opportunities for the development of a diversified economy. First of all, the mineral potential of Uzbekistan deserves special attention. In total, 2,700 deposits of about 120 types of minerals have been discovered in the territory of the Republic. In particular, Uzbekistan is among the countries ranked by reserves of gold fourth place, uranium reserves - the seventh, the reserves of molybdenum - eighth, zapasam of copper - tenth. Among the fuel resources of Uzbekistan, natural gas reserves are of paramount importance - 14th place in the world. Also, our country occupies a leading position in the world in reserves of non-metallic minerals such as potassium salts and phosphates. The largest deposits of various minerals are mainly located on the territory of Navoi, Tashkent, Kashkadarya regions and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Thus, large reserves of mineral resources of our country provide ample opportunities for the development of non-ferrous metallurgy, fuel, chemical and construction industries.

The Republic has rich agro-climatic resources, favorable for the development of agriculture. The long growing season and the abundance of warm Sunny days provide an opportunity for intensive development in Uzbekistan of such highly profitable sectors of agriculture as cotton growing, horticulture, viticulture, vegetable growing, melon growing. However, due to the development of mainly irrigated agriculture of the Republic is highly dependent on water resources. The territories of Tashkent, Andijan, Surkhandarya and Samarkand regions are best provided with this type of resources. At the same time, the Republic of Karakalpakstan, located in the desert Western part of the country of Bukhara, Navoi regions, has developed a very difficult situation in this regard. Despite the difficulties in providing water to some regions, Uzbekistan ranks 11th in the world in terms of irrigated land area.

Modernization of the economy, declared one of the main objectives of the macroeconomic policy of our state, involves overcoming the country's accelerating technological lag behind world innovation leaders. Innovation is becoming an inherent characteristic of the modern economy, it applies equally to states and their communities, and to individual companies. Innovative orientation is an imperative not only of today, but also of the near future of human activity in any sphere.For our country today, the transition to an innovative type of economic development, which requires the full disclosure of the national scientific and technical potential, is particularly relevant. The goal, objectives of the state policy in the field of development of the innovation system of the country, the mechanisms and main measures for its implementation are currently defined in the main directions of the innovation policy in the field of development of the innovation system, considered as a set of subjects and objects of innovation activity that interact in the process of creating and implementing innovation products and carrying out their activities in the framework of the state policy on the development of the innovation system - the state scientific-technical and industrial policy. It is a complex of social and economic measures implemented by the state, aimed at creating conditions for developing the production of competitive innovative products based on advanced achievements of science, technology, technology and increasing the share of such products in the production structure, as well as promoting and selling products and services in the domestic and global markets. The policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of the development of the innovation system is based on an equal public-private partnership and is aimed at combining the efforts and resources of the state and the country's entrepreneurs to step up innovation activities. Analysis of literature on the topic over the past decades in the global economy, the role of human capital, science, knowledge and highly qualified personnel among the factors of economic growth has been steadily growing and, as a result, an increase in the share of high-tech, knowledge-intensive industries in the structure of industrial production is observed. Countries are embarking on an innovative path of development, and the processes of globalization of the world economy have determined the conditions for this transition: an innovative path of development is available for countries with macroeconomic and political stability and a developed competitive environment, with high scientific and technical potential and an effective national innovation system; for economies with a high degree of industrialization and developed export-import relations.

Our domestic scientists Gulyamov S.S., Abdullaev A.M. also fruitfully deal with the development of issues related to the peculiarities of the innovation development of the economy. They paid special attention to the managerial aspects and techniques of state regulation of the innovation potential of the Republic of Uzbekistan. They developed conceptual approaches to the assessment of innovation and investment, business methodology, competitiveness, financing innovation, innovative entrepreneurship and the implementation of the innovation policy of enterprises under uncertainty of risk. They also formulated strategic priorities for the development of an innovative economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan for the longterm perspective in accordance with globalization, the promising goals of the socioeconomic development of our country. Despite the availability of extensive economic literature devoted to the consideration of various aspects of the innovation path of economic development, a number of problems need further research. Differences in interpretations of its categorical concepts, quantitative and qualitative composition of factors hindering the transition of Uzbekistan to this path of development persist.

The method of abstracting obtained conclusions about the features of the use of innovations as an indicator of investment policy. The generalization method revealed trends in conducting and making decisions of the investment policy, characteristic of developing countries, as well as new phenomena of the country's innovative development path. Statistical data was obtained from the State Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the work of representatives of classical, neoclassical and institutional economic theories. Its informational and empirical base was the materials of monographs, articles of modern domestic and foreign economists; the results of scientific and practical conferences. In the course of the study, formal-logical, systemic, deductive, inductive, and economic-statistical methods, comparisons and analogies were used to describe economic phenomena and their properties. Analysis and results In the framework of the innovation and investment strategy, a purposeful, intensive and large-scale implementation of the most important tasks lies ahead:

• •    Accelerated formation of a national science and innovation system, the core of which should be fundamental science, and the core frame - science and innovation cycles for the development of priority critical technologies;

• •    Providing free of charge to all segments of the population universal universal secondary and vocational education, allowing them to independently carry out the search for knowledge and improve their cultural level;

• •    providing all interested citizens who have the ability to independent scientific and innovative creativity, social and legal prerequisites for obtaining higher and postgraduate education mostly free of charge;

• •    organization of a legally organized different environment and infrastructure in the republic market and stimulation of access to world markets with inventions, discoveries. The innovation system of the Republic of Uzbekistan currently includes:

• 1)    the reproduction of knowledge, by conducting fundamental and exploratory research in the Republican Academy of Sciences, other academies of science with state status, as well as in universities of the country;

• 2)    carrying out applied research and technological developments in state scientific centers of the country and scientific organizations of industry; introduction of scientific and technical results in production;

• 3)    industrial and agricultural production of competitive innovative products;

• 4)    training in organization and management in the field of innovation.

Despite the difficult situation that has developed in the scientific field, the domestic scientific and technical potential remains quite powerful. And only with the effective use of this potential, the restructuring of the sphere of science, it will be possible to carry out adequate scientific support for the innovative activities of industrial enterprises, which will lead to an increase in the competitiveness of domestic products in international markets and economic growth.

The problems of interaction between large corporations and the state and issues relating to the study of mechanisms governing capital flow processes have not been sufficiently developed. A number of issues of a conceptual and methodological nature remain unresolved, including those related to the need to substantiate the intended directions for the formation of an innovative way of economic development. It is necessary to carry out a structural and investment maneuver in order to create prerequisites for the transition to an innovative economy and the development of knowledge-intensive industries.

To achieve the goals set, socio-economic prerequisites and mechanisms should be created for solving the following main tasks:

• 1)    ensuring the priority development of basic science, the most important applied research and development;

• 2)    the provision of state program funding for research;

• 3)    improving the regulatory framework of scientific, scientific and technological and innovation activities;

• 4)    improvement of the system of training highly qualified scientific and engineering personnel in the field of science and technology;

• 5)    development and modernization of defense innovations;

• 6)    increase of economic and innovation security in the country.

Economists' research has shown that innovation is a key source of economic growth today and is an important factor for enterprises, regions, and national economy competitiveness. According to experts from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), economic growth in the next two decades is directly related to innovations.

In general, we can conclude that Uzbekistan has the basic conditions for the transition to an innovative type of economic development, the necessary elements of the national innovation system have been formed. A powerful impetus for the development of innovation activity in the republic can be the involvement of private, corporate and foreign capital in this area.Innovations are not the only advantages for only the scientific sectors of the economy. Innovative activity is important and is currently being implemented in the sectors of industry, services, and the public sector of the economy, including public administration.