Innovative and interactive teaching methods

At present, serious changes in the entire system of education are taking place in our republic. One of the factors that conditioned the processes of reorganization of the higher education model (in particular) is the processes of globalization that affected practically all aspects of our life and the informatization of the educational process related to modern computer technologies. The emergence of more progressive concepts, familiarity with the best practices of the countries leading in the educational services market (primarily the United States and Great Britain) and the development of a national, Uzbek model of education on this basis is aimed at solving the problem of demand in a market economy of a future specialist - obtained knowledge, mobility of his professional qualification in the conditions of modern time.

Undoubtedly, the formation of a young specialist takes place in university classrooms, the labor-intensive training process is based on teaching methods, the effectiveness of which ultimately determines the level of qualification of the future graduate. The traditional method involves the communication of a teacher and a student, constant monitoring by the teacher for the student's academic activity, control of the mastering of the educational material. In other words, the fruitfulness of this dialogue depends on the teacher's correct decision: (a) setting the learning goal, and the resulting motivation for the student; b) the transfer of material of a certain content (lecture) and its interpretation for students (seminars). At the same time the teacher decides and the function of methodical study of educational material; c) control of knowledge. This model of training is of a directive nature. Under the directive model, the learning outcome is regarded as the transfer of the amount of knowledge through the rational organization of the content of the learning process, when a one-way dialogue takes place.

On the basis of new information and pedagogical technologies and teaching methods, it became possible to change, radically, the role of the teacher, to make him not only a bearer of knowledge, but also a leader, the initiator of the student's independent creative work, to act as a guide in the ocean of diverse information, student criteria and ways of orientation, the search for rational in the informative flow.

Interactive methods include: method of problematic presentation, presentations, discussions, case-studies, group work, brainstorming, critical thinking, quizzes, mini-studies, business games, role games, Insert method (or method of individual labels, when students write a 7-10-minute associative essay), the method of blitz-poll, the method of questioning, the reception of "Bingo", etc. The process of information transfer is based on the principle of interaction between the teacher and the student. He assumes a great activity of the trainee, his creative rethinking of the received information. The emerging Uzbek system of higher education in the conditions of market relations is one of the priorities for the successful solution of the tasks of training qualified personnel, emphasizes the principle of taking into account the interests of the trainee. In this regard, the teachers of universities have the task of developing and implementing such methods and methods of instruction that would be aimed at activating the creative potential of the student, his desire to learn. At the same time, the pedagogical task of forming the personality of the citizen, and his value orientations, should be solved, since the process of education in the university is the main component of the educational process in the life of each person. In addition, the global informatization of modern society also had a significant impact on the educational process, on the system of higher education in the republic, requiring a radical revision of the teaching methods used. Thus, the reorganization of the system of higher education in the republic assumes as a starting point the transition to such methods of teaching, which are based on a constructivist, operational approach, instead of the traditional linear approach, when knowledge was given for future use (in principle, the more the better). One of the effective methods for activating the learning process is the method of problem statement. With this approach, the lecture becomes like a dialogue, teaching imitates the research process (initially several key postulates on the topic of the lecture are put forward, the presentation is built on the principle of independent analysis and generalization of the study material by the students). This technique allows to interest the student, to involve him in the learning process. The organization of problematic training is quite complex, requiring considerable preparation of the lecturer. However, at the initial stage of using this method, it can be introduced into the structure of pre-prepared lectures and seminars as a supplement.

Another effective method is the case-study method or the method of teaching specific situations (KKS). With this method of teaching, the student is compelled to make decisions independently and to justify it. Case study method, if you follow the definition of method developers, is a method of teaching, in which students and teachers participate in direct discussion of business situations or tasks. Case studies form the basis of the audience's conversation under the guidance of the teacher. The main thing is that this method promotes the development of the ability to analyze situations, evaluate alternatives, and instill skills in solving practical problems.

A special role in the methods and means of teaching in our university is now occupied by modern technologies - the computer and the Internet. In this regard, new visions of the ways of successful formation of knowledge and skills among modern students - students are emerging. One of the most notable manifestations of the influence of computer and Internet technologies was the use of interactive methods in the learning process. The use of all kinds of technical means, in particular modern personal computers in the learning process, is interactive teaching methods. And proceeding from these positions, speak about the degree of demand for each of the methods, and about the content of modern methods of university education.

Summarizing, I would like to note that the methods and means of teaching would be mistakenly raised to the rank of an end in itself, it is, first of all, a tool for solving educational problems in the university. Therefore, each method must take into account the specificity of a particular academic discipline.