Shared-rule institutional capabilities of European regions and subnational regionalism

Introduction: the political subjectivity of subnational units can be realized both through regional autonomy and self-rule and through the region participation in shared-rule and determining the national policy. Such institutional capabilities of regions to participate in regional and national political process are unevenly distributed within European regions. Subnational regional units of European nation-states, which have a significant regionalist potential, predominantly lobby the demands of regional autonomy, and often leave unarticulated the demands of region participation in the policymaking at the national level.