Integration of information systems

For information systems, it is becoming increasingly difficult to draw a line around the application system and say that you own and manage it. As value chains expand beyond enterprises, systems of suppliers and consumers become part of each other's information architectures. In many application areas, data is distributed across many heterogeneous, often autonomous, information systems, and exchanging data between them is not a simple matter. In this article, the author describes in detail the various types of integration of information systems at various levels. The results of a study of the main issues that are focused on during system integrations are presented.