Intensification of the process of preparation of the fomitopsis pinicola polyfugal in the technology of textile materials dyeing

Return to natural dyes characterized by biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity makes it possible to meet consumer demand for "green" technologies and products. Fungi are an environmentally friendly source of pigments, since they produce stable dyes that are safe for the environment, contain several anthraquinone compounds and pigments such as delphinidin, melanin and volatile organic compounds, which are their secondary metabolites. An accessible source of obtaining melanin pigments are wood-destroying fungi, in particular, the marginated tinder fungus, growing in large quantities in Vitebsk region. Melanin pigments cause the brown color of the fungal fruit, are located in the cell wall of the fungus, and are poorly soluble in water. To extract them, it is necessary to choose a reasonable approach to the issue of preparing raw materials for extracting melanin pigments into the working solution of the dye bath in order to give the dyed material bright colors that are resistant to wet processing. The purpose of the work is to select rational parameters for preparing the fruiting parts of Fomitopsis pinicola (marginated tinder fungus) for extraction, ensuring the maximum yield of pigment in the working solution of the dye bath. It was found that preliminary soaking of parts of the fruiting body of the fungus and their crushing into small fractions does not allow increasing the yield of pigments in the working solution of the dye bath. The same result was obtained after long-term extraction of the mushroom parts by water extraction without preliminary ultrasonic treatment of the raw material. It was revealed that the cavitation effect on the fruiting part of the tinder fungus, leading to a change in the structural and functional properties of the fungus and promoting the release of intracellular substances (pigments), has a significant effect on the final color of the textile material. Theoretical and experimental dependences of the optical density of the working solution of the dye bath and the lightness index of the dyed yarn on the technological modes of ultrasonic treatment of the fungal fruit parts of the bordered tinder fungus were obtained, allowing to establish rational parameters of sounding: generator power of at least 60 W, treatment duration of no more than 30 minutes.