Interdisciplinary approach to the solution of problems of management of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

Relevance to the author's treatment of the subject has led to a number of publications in the media, showing the troubles in the management of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

As the specific examples to K. Novikov, and A.M. Tamitskogo. K. Novikov wrote that "the current level of the development and the quality of service in the Arctic could be better". [15] He names the major pain points: the creation of fish, poor infrastructure of the North sea route, forthcoming decommissioning of the several nuclear-powered icebreakers, the rapid reduction of the Arctic populations, the absence of a special structure of the executive body that would deal with the Arctic issues. [15] A.M. Tamitsky notes that "after the signing of the Fundamentals of the state policy in the Arctic up to 2020 and beyond has not yet adopted any legal instrument aimed at achieving the objectives of support and development of the region" [20, c. 115] that the preparation of documents and projects engaged in the different departments without overall coordination of their activities due to lack of a duly authorized body of the government, and "policies do not fully meet the national security of Russia in the Arctic," "characterized by fragmentation and lack of the implementation strategies for the long term ", so it needs" new approaches, which should create a special legal regime on the economic, social, environmental and other types of activities "[20, p. 117].

Thus, both authors notes the existence of a serious problem in the management of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Russian Arctic), which can have a very negative impact on the future of the Arkhangelsk region and Russia as a whole. It is important to analyze the problem, to make the findings to better understand the causes of the problem and identify possible solutions.

About the defects in the control system of the Russian Arctic written long ago. For example, in an article published more than a year ago, I have already allocated the main factors that affect the creation of an effective system of the strategic management of the Russian Arctic: the lack of the state of the financial and other resources, conflict of the interest, low efficiency of the state and government; underestimation the role of the northern federal universities in the intellectual, scientific and educational protecting Russia's national interests in the Arctic [9, p. 27-28].

It should be recognized that in the intervening period much has changed. Started the "general-cleaning" of the Arctic [7, p. 6-13], was adopted by the Federal Law of July 28, 2012 № 132-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation regarding the state regulation of commercial navigation in the waters of the Northern Sea Route", contracts to build four diesel-electric icebreakers and one multipurpose icebreaker new generation in St. Petersburg, the restoration of the infrastructure of the Northern sea Route, significantly increased freight traffic on it. Y.F. Lukin, summarizing the first practical steps taken in 2012 to change the current situation in the Russian Arctic, the better, even introduced a new concept - "Arctic breakthrough of Putin", understanding it as the beginning of the path of the arctic system in practice, previously identified the strategic areas as an important initial step onset [15, p. 257].

The attitude to the role of federal universities in the development of the Arctic changed, as evidenced on the basis of an NArFU the variety of the scientific events on the issue of the Arctic with Russian and international representatives in the form of forums, conferences, seminars, workshops, implementation of the "Floating University" , the creation of the center "Arctic partnership" the center of the space-monitoring of the Arctic, and etc.

At the same time, the company continues to bother the low efficiency of the work of the state bodies in the control system of the Russian Arctic, primarily the Ministry of Regional Development, the Strategy of the development of the Russian Arctic and the law on the southern border of the zone. Initially, inhibition due to the fact that the draft Strategy, passed in October 2010, the Ministry of Regional Development of the government, "was lost in the ice" because of a lack of finance for the actions, over a wide range of the interests and in difference bureaucracy, and therefore is not fully understood with the official status of the document, the government switched to the development of the state program of development "cap world" [13]. Then, almost a year, the former Minister of Regional Development V.F. Basargin Government Presidium meeting October 5, 2011 report by Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, that within the last 1 to 3 October 2011 in Murmansk Second International Arctic economic forum was presented development strategy of the Arctic Zone, and makes the statement: "We are currently considering proposals that came to the forum, finalizing Arctic strategy and two weeks are making it to the government". [16] It takes about six months, and we learn from the article K. Novikov, published in "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", that "The strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation until 2020 under way, but not complete" and that "the law" On the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation "to now not only accepted, but even developed "[16]. After five months, October 24, 2012, the same newspaper informs us that the law of the Arctic zone, which offers more than 10 years, not even in the project, Ministry of Regional Development of Russia has announced a competition for its design and is willing to pay for this job 5 million rubles [11]1.

The image of a federal agency has a negative impact as a number of blank pages under "Implementation of the state policy in the Arctic," the website of the Ministry of Regional Development, for example, "Key actions for the implementation of the state policy in the Arctic", "management system development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation" "The project of the subprogram" Development of the institutional conditions for the comprehensive economic and social development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation "," Monitoring the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation and municipalities that make up the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation "," Implementation of the state policy in the Arctic, the subjects of the Russian Federation "," interaction with the business community, civil society, academia and other organizations, the financial sector "," investment and social projects carried out in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. 2. " On the "normative and legal acts of the Russian Federation" is not provided with any act adopted after Principles of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2020 and beyond. Last updated at the time of this writing - October 27, 2011.

All of this suggests that the Ministry of Regional Development is currently not capable of promptly and efficiently solve all the tasks assigned to it in the Russian Arctic. One reason for this state of affairs – is the excessive overload of the Ministry and its reorientation to priorities - the preparation of the APEC Summit 2012 in Vladivostok, the other – is a shift towards specific selfish personal interests arising from excessive greed Russian officials. As evidence of the latter claim comes from the fact of detention of ex-Deputy Regional Development Ministry R.Y. Panova on charges of theft by an organized group of funds allocated for the preparation of the APEC summit in 2012 [8]. Similar examples of greed and managerial incompetence in the media found a lot.3.

Similar problems can be found in other ministries, federal agencies, regional authorities and other management structures. Thus, the unreasoned policy of priorities in the Ministry of Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters led to the positioning of the ministry in the media only as "MOE" and not as "MDGOChSiLPSB" collapse of public notification, developed and successfully serving in the Soviet Union and, as a consequence, a large number of flood victims in Krymsk that occurred on the night of 6 to 7 July 2012 with due regard to the broadcasting system by MDGOChSiLPSB these victims could be much smaller.

The same situation with the Federal Space Agency. A series of failures in spacecraft launches have occurred in recent years indicates that the built in Soviet times, the space industry is given today in a deplorable state. One of the main reasons for this - the exorbitant greed officials. Confirm this assertion of the police is to detect the theft of 6.5 billion rubles allocated from the budget for development of the GLONASS navigation system. [5]

But apparently, the worst situation in the Defense Ministry, as evidenced by the fact that in early 2012, the chief military prosecutor S. Fridinsky called scale theft and abuse by military officials' exorbitant and even space4, "and that at the end of 2012 due to the alleged damage from only one of the "women's Battalion" Serdyukov, according to preliminary figures, more than 3 bil-lion5.

There are serious management problems at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation. A striking example – is a fact revealed by the police of theft by an organized group of about 3 billion rubles from the budget of St. Petersburg. [4]

There are management problems in the Arkhangelsk region. In March 2012, then-Minister of Economic Development of the Arkhangelsk area E.A. Michaelovskiy was forced to admit that in the Arkhangelsk region "does not actually work strategy of social and economic development of the Arkhangelsk region by 2030" [14]. This can be explained by the fact that "to provide professional support for the development of the Strategy was to attract a strategic consultant for the" Pro-Invest-Special Project "together with" Strategy Partners "[20, p. 7], and to develop a strategy that is true, in my opinion, the criticized in the regional media. But will be more honest recognition that the government at the time of the development and adoption of this document, no qualified, capable on their own, at the appropriate level to manage the strategic development of the re-gion.6.

From the text of this strategy is not clear for what reasons the Russian businessmen and foreign investors would rightly be considered the Arkhangelsk region, as one of the best places to do business [20, p. 42]. After all, even in the optimistic scenario, by 2030 the number of the economically active population in the Arkhangelsk region decreased by 15% [20, p. 62]. And the fact that among the critical conditions for the implementation of the strategy of its developers in the first place put "attraction in the region's economy needed investment," in the face of continuing global economic crisis significantly reduces the likelihood of its success. Although the demands of the economy and the labor force is in the text of the Strategy as one of the critical conditions for its implementation, the authors suggest ways to solve this problem. It is not clear that it can make business change, for example, in Thailand with an average temperature +25 ° C in the Arkhangelsk region, where the heating season is from September to May?

Negative conditions of the affairs in the shipbuilding cluster of the Arkhangelsk region. During the tests conducted the future flagship of the Indian Navy "Vikmaditya" (the former Soviet aircraft carrier "Admiral Gorshkov"), repair and modernization of which made Sevmash "was found in the lining of the marriage (ceramic coating. -" Proceedings ") of three boilers, steam turbines ship" so that "Russia will lose one billion rubles, and India - one year". [10] The reasons are not only in the fact that, according to "Izvestia", "options contract to repair and refurbish the" Admiral Gorshkov "changed several times," but that was broken synchronous operation with subcontractors, in this case - Baltic factory - manufacturer of boilers.

Depressing and what is now the "legal framework that defines the complexity of the strategic planning documents in Russia are absent. The development and the approval of the individual strategic planning documents are irrelevant now without development and legislative recognition of the full range of documents, tools, and the strategic planning process of the organization "[19]. Even after the flush on the website of the President of the Russian Federation from the public view of the decree of May 12, 20097 № 536 "On the basis of the strategic planning in the Russian Federation", many issues remain unclear, even for the regional governors. Therefore held on November 11, 2011 in Khabarovsk State Council Presidium meeting on improving the role of the regions in the economic modernization Sverdlovsk Governor A. Misharin had to pay attention to the need to address the issue of harmonization of policies on different levels: federal, regional, municipal, both among themselves and the interests of society and business through the development and the approval of the state strategic planning. According to A. Misharin, the Act "must clearly outline the relationship: the federal strategy - Regional Strategy - Strategy city or metropolitan area - the general plan of the city and the program development projects. This approach could serve as a mechanism for the harmonization of the federal and regional authorities and municipalities for long-term economic policy8.

Based on the considered material, there are two main sources of management problems of the Russian Arctic: unlimited desire for wealth officials and lack-designed regulatory framework for the formation of a unified planning system and harmonize the federal and regional aspects.

After realizing the fact that the trouble in the control system of the Russian Arctic is a local manifestation of the all-Russian management problems, we can, using an interdisciplinary approach, go to the search for causes and solutions to these problems. This approach, in our opinion, should be based on the theory of change management I. Adizes, T. Parsons developed a model of the society proposed by R.F. Abdeeva evolution model management mechanism and the proposed A.G, Fonotovym concept of mobilization type of transition from the development to .innovative.

Parsons in his "concept of the society's components and their relationships," regarded society as a particular "type of the social system (the whole universe of social systems) the highest level of self-sufficiency," [17, p. 100]. Society is seen as a separate system, with respect to which other separate subsystems of action (body, identity, and culture) form one of the environments, which are located outside of the environments of the system itself, which are located above and below the overall hierarchy of the factors controlling the action in the world of life . Above the action system in this hierarchy is the so-called "higher reality" symbolic representations which are seen as cultural objects. Below are physical-organic phenomena of nature, which is known through the human body and, when he was perceived and psychologically meaningful, become part of the action.

From the point of view of I. Adizes, the ultimate goal of the process of management – is to make the organization effective and efficient in the short and long term - no more and no less [2, p. 37]. These objectives are pursued through the development of organizations at different stages of the life cycle of the four main roles (functions): the production of the result (R), administration (A), entrepreneurship (E) and integration (I). The role of R enables the production of "proper"

product, that is a short-term impact. A role provides the production of the product "right", that is, short-term effectiveness. The role of E provides long-term effectiveness, and the role I - long-term effectiveness.

Problems of any organization linked to the assimilation of these alternate functions (roles) as you progress through different stages of growth (Courtship, Infancy, come on, youth, flowering) and the loss as you progress through the stages of aging (Aristocracy, Salem City, Bureaucracy) its life cycle.

Fig. 1. The sequence of the development roles of PAEI on a typical life-cycle I. Adizes

At the stage of courtship organization develops the function of entrepreneurship during infancy - production function results (business function to temporarily step aside), and on stage come on the learning to implement these functions simultaneously. In step Youth mastered administration function, and then the organization learns to implement functions of administration, production and business results simultaneously. The function of business is transferred from the founder of the organization, that is institutionalized. In step Blossom mastered all four functions, which allows the organization to be effective and efficient in the long term and short term [3, p. 214-115].

In relation to the social system, in our opinion, the role of E must provide a link to a "higher reality" referred to in the Model T. Parsons. This "ultimate reality" is reflected in religion or ideology, defining the meaning of life.

Analyzing the current state of Russia through the prism of the life-cycle of the corporation of I. Adizes. Russia, born in the liberal project under President Boris Yeltsin, passed the stage of infancy and moved to come on stage, accompanied by a rise of the decentralization of power. Begins the process of the developing a role, but as a result of the financial crisis in 1998 weakened the role of P, and since there is frustration in the liberal project, and weakens the role of E. There is a need to launch a new project with a conservative color that starts successfully implement President B. . Putin. During his first two terms successfully restored the role of P and begin to develop the role of A. It seems that the transition to the stage in front of Youth. However the result of the Conservative-Liberal E role of the president Vladimir Putin replaced by liberal colored part of Dmitry Medvedev. The global economic crisis of 2008, the events in the village of Kushchevskaya and others have led to a sense of dynamism to the losses of the first half of zero, increased anti-liberal sentiments in society and the process deligitimitation power. As a result, 54% of respondents were of the view that the changes are for the worse with the increasing backlog of Russia's leading countries, the case studies show in 2011. [6]

This is largely due to the global crisis of values associated with the need to change the paradigm of the deep human development [5, 12]. This fact is beginning to realize more and more people. It is no accident, that F. Fukuyama argues that a new ideology in which "we should talk about the correction of capitalism and of the extent to which the state must help society adapt to change" [23]. As rightly pointed Vladimir Putin, the root of the economic problems in the fact that "at an impasse model based on unrestrained borrowing capacity, to life in debt and wasting of the future, the virtual, not real values and assets". [18]

In view of this appeals, Dmitry Medvedev, based on the democratic values of liberalism, are perceived by the society is extremely cool, and in accordance with the concept of I. Adizes, rolled back toward death in infancy (RA00). The weakening of E leads to a weakening of P and A, and so begins to decompose the system administration. Even the return of Vladimir Putin and his conservative-liberal project has not yet been able to improve the situation in the Russian society, because most of the population after the criminal privatization disappointed in the ideas of liberalism.

The solution is to find a project based on a new paradigm of the development of the society, on the best of the "Red" project and Russian traditions. The crucial role of the traditions explains the concept of R.F. Abdeeva. According to his opinion, in the long evolution of management established a mechanism of self-organizing systems, which feature is the presence of two feedback loops (OS) of memory. The first circuit operating system provides homeostasis, and the second loop is the selection (filtering) useful information from the primary circuit through the memory. As a result, useful information "accumulated to form the experience, knowledge, is synthesized in a particular structure, raising the level of organization, activity and vitality of the system" [1, p. 34-40].

In the social system, this memory is implemented by the tradition. A.G. Fonotov noted that "the need for the survival of the society and the state in an emergency forces them to address to emergency funds, and the reproduction of the process in a systematic way is the cause of the mobilization type of the development. This characteristic feature of Russian history was repeatedly noted by various authors "[24, p. 104]. Therefore, the national tradition in today's complex international environment encourages Russian society reuse proven mobilization type of development that places the public interest above the interests of the individual.

There are other conceptual and theoretical models that require a deep understanding of the prospects, opportunities and threats to the development of Russia as a whole, and the strategic management of the Russian Arctic. The draft Federal Law "On the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation" (01.23.2013) is not accidental notes that public policy in the development of the Arctic Zone is an integral part of the domestic and foreign policy, and should be based on the strategic planning, comprehensive, coordinated solutions geopolitical, social economic and environmental problems in the Russian Arctic. [25] Sustainable development of the regions of the Russian Arctic is important for the formation of a common economic space of Russia. Thus management of the Russian Arctic must be built not only on the basis of continuity of solutions with the previously adopted state programs and initiatives, but also with the use of a conceptual and theoretical wealth management as a whole, and other sciences, as well as the best practices of existing practices of state, regional and local management in Arctic countries.