Using spring rapeseed as a sideral crop in the Middle Urals conditions

The aim of the study is to research the effect of mineral fertilizers and meteorological conditions on the yield and chemical composition of spring rape used for green manure fertilizers. Research objectives are to reveal the size of the accumulation of nutrients with the harvest of green manure crop; to evaluate green manure fallow as a precursor of spring wheat. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil at the Ural Research Institute - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution "Ural Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences". The object of the study was the spring rape Luch, which was included in the scheme of grain-parosideral crop rotation: green manure fallow - wheat - oats - peas - barley. The influence of fertilizers on the productivity of crop rotation of agricultural crops was studied on three nutritional backgrounds: 1) control (without fertilizers); 2) mineral - N30P30K30 (on average per 1 hectare of crop rotation area); 3) organomineral - N24P24K24 + green manure + straw. It was found that when using mineral fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30, the largest collection of green manure crops in the range from 23.0 to 24.2 t/ha was obtained with moderate moisture. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the dry mass of rapeseed largely depended on the use of mineral fertilizers and moisture conditions. The highest concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the green manure was found at the level of 1.1-1.6 units with SCC. Unlike other nutrients, the maximum content of K2O was observed with excessive moisture. It was established that, on average, about 10.7 kg of NPK enters the soil from one ton of green manure. For two rotations of the grain-parosideral crop rotation with green manure, a total of about 202-221 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was plowed into the soil, which on average corresponds to 15 tons of litter manure. Due to the low productivity of clover during the years of the study, green manure fallow surpassed the legume crop in terms of the effect on the yield of spring wheat.