Using long-lasting fertilizers in the apple trees vegetative reproduction under the Krasnoyarsk forest steppe conditions

The aim of research was to study the effect of long-acting fertilizers on the survival rate of grafts and morphometric parameters of apple seedlings in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The experiment was carried out in 2019-2020 at the phyto-site of the department of plant growing, selection and seed growing of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. The objects of research are winter grafting of an apple tree, prepared in March under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 18-20 °С. The stock was a berry apple tree (Malus baccata). As a scion, a semi-cultivated apple tree was used - the variety Vospitannica of the selection of the FSBRI "Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Research Center of the SB RAS". The experiment was repeated 4 times, the placement of variants and replicates was systematic. Options: 1) control (without fertilizers); 2) Osmocote Exact Standart; 3) Osmocote Pro. Average long-term data (2019-2020) of survival rates showed that among the studied modifications of prolonged Osmocote fertilizers, the variant with the use of Osmocote Pro stood out, where the accretion of scion and rootstock in winter grafting was 77.5 %, which is 39.5 % higher than in the control plot and more compared to the Osmocote Exact Standard by 9.5%. Indicators of the average number of shoots in the variants with the use of long-acting fertilizers amounted to 1.9 pcs. (Osmocote Pro) and 2.0 pcs. (Osmocote Exact Standart), which exceeded the control by 0.5-0.6 pcs. respectively. At the same time, a significant increase in the average length of shoots was recorded in the variant using the Osmocote Pro modification - 37.3 cm, this indicator is 10.4 cm more than the control variant. Application of prolonged fertilizers had a favorable effect on the growth and development of the root system of apple seedlings: the average number of roots of the 1st branching order was 8.9-9.0 pcs., the average length of the roots of the 1st branching order was 19.4-20.2 cm.