Micro forming studies of SS316L as biomedical application material

The process of shaping flat sheets of metal into necessary shapes without any flaws is known as sheet metal making. Nowadays, there is a growing demand for micro goods and microdevices due to the popularity of miniaturization across many industries. The manufacturing method known as micro forming creates tiny components for various engineering uses. Micro-forming can be found in a variety of fields, including automotive, biomedical, and aerospace engineering. Whenever the sheet material’s thickness corresponds to ingrained length distribution of the material being used during the micro-forming process, the deformation behavior is different from what is anticipated for the macroscopic sheet material. A material's ability to be formed is one of the crucial processes, and one of the crucial parameters for determining a material's formability is its forming limit curve or as forming limit diagram. The purpose of this study is plotting Forming Limit Curve for specific biomaterial using numerical simulation and experimentation. For the purpose of determining the forming limit curves, a controlled experiment of thin SS316L sheet of 60 µm thickness with different angles in relation to rolling directions (0°, 45°, 90°) is conducted in the present research. In accordance to ASTM-2218-14 standard test, Nakajima test for micro-forming is done using a specimen of uniaxial, uniaxial intermediate, plane, biaxial intermediate and biaxial strain paths to measure limiting strains. The limit diagram for SS316L is formed using the numerical software Simufact Forming V15, and the findings are then compared with the Nakajima test. The comparisons between the experimental method with the numerical simulations show good accordance. It was shown that FLC produced by numerical simulation are designed to be 5% to 12% less than experimental work and are safe.To examine the physics of the sheet, micro structural studies are also carried out on the test object both prior to and after forming. The microstructural study explains the characteristics of the sheet.