Issues of organization and improvement of financial result audit

Changes in the economic environment lead to changes in the functions and methods of control, and complex branches of knowledge and economic activity arise. From the point of view of control over the formation of financial results and their reflection in the reporting, two types of control are distinguished as the most effective: internal control and external audit.

Research on the practice of on-farm control shows that recently large enterprises have been developing budgeting and budget control, which are a modernized type of planning and regulatory control method, and the domestic school of accounting and control has certain achievements in developing the methodology of the standard check form of accounting and control for internal economic calculation. We believe that further research in the direction of improving this methodology will be quite relevant and effective.

A special role in the organization of internal control is the control of income, expenses, and the formation and reflection of financial results in the reporting of enterprises. it is on-farm calculation that provides additional opportunities for control and motivation. However, budgeting and application of budget control based on on-farm calculation requires additional expenditures of labor and material resources. Therefore, it organizations must develop a clear plan of interaction of all services of the enterprise management system, from senior management to heads of departments, sections, offices and the like. Financial and economic services, including accounting, have a special place in this work [3].

The introduction of budgeting and budget control based on on-farm calculation creates the necessary prerequisites for the interest of managers and ordinary employees of the division in the financial result of the division's activities, which positively affects the final financial result of the enterprise as a whole. This control system does not duplicate or complicate the current accounting system, of course, provided that it is properly organized at the enterprise [1].

The effective functioning of the budget and checkbook control based on the internal economic calculation is possible under condition of system of accounting policies, including the organization of primary accounting and document circulation, formation of registers and internal reporting and accounting on individual objects.

Not all reporting users have access to on-farm control information, so there is a need for a form of control that would be available to a wide range of consumers of reporting information, that is, in an independent audit.

The use of the results of the audit of financial statements by both managers, owners, creditors, investors, tax authorities, etc.is possible only if the various types of reporting are standardized and a single methodology is used to determine the final financial results, both for financial and tax reporting.

In practice, accountants see their main task in filling out accounting registers for the purpose of reporting to state tax authorities. This orientation negates the construction of the company's accounting policy based on generally accepted accounting principles. This is especially true for methodological approaches to the recognition of income and expenses and the formation of financial results of an enterprise. Therefore, with the allocation of the state aspect of accounting policy, it is necessary to determine a clear state position on the prevalence of accounting data for the formation of different types of reporting: financial and tax [2]. Without this approach, it is impossible to achieve clarity and consistency in the formation of reporting indicators and their control, to get rid of the negative impact of tax policy on the state and development of accounting and reporting. In accordance with this, it is necessary to develop a model of accounting policy, where the formal (organization), information (technology) and methodological (methodology) parts are distinguished at the micro level.

In General, the essence of the problem lies in the development of advanced techniques of organization audits that are deemed "know-how" of audit firms and substantiation of efficiency of use of modern methods of audit, including spot checks (audit sampling), for internal accounting, evaluation, analysis and forecasting of the effectiveness of internal reserves of enterprises, which is the result of rational use of production resources and financial activities.

The effectiveness of financial activity as an economic environment for the formation and mobilization of internal reserves is under the constant influence and control of a large number of enterprise services and depends on legal, organizational, managerial and other factors.

The effectiveness of the system for identifying and using internal reserves directly depends on the well-developed parameters for taking into account the influence of factors on the indicators of using internal reserves and the effectiveness of their practical manifestation. This necessitates a full and detailed study of this problem, on the one hand, as the most important mechanism for the effective functioning of production and economic structures and their resources in order to identify and use existing internal reserves, and on the other-as a problem closely related to confirming the reliability of the information received [1].

An analysis of recent scientific publications that attempt to solve this problem and on which we rely shows that the use of samples helps auditors work more effectively, as well as properly justify their conclusions.

In international practice, the largest audit companies mainly use the so-called "pipeline control". It is based on non-parametric sample statistics, i.e. synthesis of dynamic standards and assessment of the development trajectory of any system, in particular, identification and use of internal reserves. In this regard, the authors of the article set out to reveal the essential understanding of "pipeline control". It is based on an audit sample, which consists in the fact that the auditor works with mass sets of documents, business transactions, account balances, turnover on them, balances, and often replaces a continuous observation with a sample one in order to collect relevant audit evidence. In this case, the entire General population is audited, but only a certain part of it is specifically checked. With the correct organization and conduct of selective observation, the auditor receives reliable, objective, accurate audit evidence that characterizes the population as a whole (with a certain level of information risk), and can formulate his conclusion about the entire General population [2].

It is very difficult to determine the essential characteristics of a sample in practice. This means:

• -    abbreviated name of the sample observation;

• -    methods for selecting and analyzing sample data to assess the state of the entire statistical population, which is observed;

• -    characteristics of the actual sample population, and so on.

The auditor often uses the simplest (elementary) type of sampling. However, it is also possible to substantiate audit evidence based on this sample observation. Statistical sampling, of course, has advantages over conducting a continuous audit of all records of documents (registers) by an enterprise, in particular: higher efficiency; application in conditions that exclude the possibility of continuous monitoring; the possibility of significantly expanding the audit methodology; improving the quality of audit evidence; reducing the cost of audit and improving its quality. Various methods of selective monitoring are used in the audit. The main methods are quantitative and qualitative samples. Each of these methods can be used to organize the sample as a non-statistical or statistical one. In international auditing practice, it is customary to use quantitative monetary sampling separately, which allows combining methods of quantitative and qualitative sampling. It is applied in accordance with international standards on auditing.

From intuitive performance assessments, it is possible to move on to a permanent scientific-based analysis of specific digital characteristics of the trajectory of the specified system. To do this, the auditor must use non-parametric rank methods and dynamic standards, i.e. apply structural and dynamic criteria of the system.

The audit methodology, based on a scalar assessment of the development of the system for identifying and using internal reserves using such criteria, provides new content to audit evidence. Using this method, the auditor can evaluate the company's development strategy aimed at maximizing the identification and use of internal reserves, and conduct a strategic audit.