The history of the Swedish translations of F. Dostoevsky's “Notes from the underground”

The article discusses the history of the Swedish translations of F.M. Dostoyevsky’s Notes from the Underground and compares all the four existing translations, namely by Cecilia Borelius (1948), Ulla Rosen (1985), Barbara Lonnqvist (2010), and Bengt Samuelson (2017). The article also considers either the prefaces or afterwords written in most cases by the translators themselves. Cecilia Borelius’ translation may be labelled as careless and ignoring the original, Ulla Rosen’s text is more accurate, however, not without mistakes, Barbara Lonnqvist’s translation is quite thorough and provides most of comments, whereas Bengt Samuelson’s work is most creative, with non-dictionary translations, often departing from F.M. Dostoyevsky’s text. After analyzing the history of translations and what each translator introduced into the Swedish tradition of translating Notes from the Underground, the article compares how the concepts most important for Dostoevsky were transferred into Swedish, particularly, such as “underground”, “living life”, “beautiful and high”, “natural person and conscious person”, “will / freedom”, etc., as well as the most difficult words to translate (for example, “notes”) and some references (biblical - for example, “gnashing of teeth” - and literary - for example, “Spanish king ”). It is concluded that the history of translations of the story “Notes from the Underground” illustrates both the general translation tendency towards greater care and accuracy in conveying the features of the original, and the increased attention to “Notes from the Underground” as particular work.