The history of the development of ideas about the causes, methods of diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke from the ancient world to modern times

Relevance. The ideas about the mechanisms of stroke development have changed over the centuries, being influenced not only by the level of technology, but also by the scientific and philosophical thought of the corresponding era. Objective of the study: to analyze the evolution of ideas about the causes, methods of diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke from the Ancient World to the present day. Materials and Methods. A historical analysis of medical literature, scientific works and clinical practice of different eras associated with the study and treatment of stroke was carried out. Results. The transformation of the concept of ischemic stroke from the ancient Greek "apoplexy" to the modern understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia is traced. Two main historical periods in the study of stroke are distinguished, separated by the discoveries of European scientists of the 19th century. The evolution of diagnostic methods from clinical observation to modern neuroimaging technologies, as well as the development of therapeutic approaches from symptomatic treatment to reperfusion therapy and the organization of specialized care are described. Conclusions. Knowledge of the historical path of development of ideas about ischemic stroke allows us to understand modern approaches to its diagnosis and treatment, to evaluate the contribution of outstanding researchers and the role of scientific and technological progress in improving care for patients with cerebrovascular pathology.